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2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题试题（ B 卷)
科目代码： 211 科目名称： 翻译硕士英语
注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效；考完后试题随答题纸交回。
Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points, 1 point for each) Directions: There are 20 statements in this section. After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. They didn’t find that the meeting was _____ until they got to the hall.
A. canceled
B. conceived
C. put out
D. cut down
2. There are many kinds of steel, each ______ its uses in industry.
A. has
B. had
C. have
D. having
3. They had food and clothing _______ for their needs.
A. sufficient
B. efficient
C. proper
D. considerable
4. The two brave young men ______ the day when their own country was liberated.
A. longed to
B. desired after
C. longed for
D. longed after
5. It _____ to rain cats and dogs that day.
A. happened
B. occurred
C. took place
D. was
6. That’s his first offence, and the judge is going to give him a light _____.
A. sentence
B. crime
C. service
D. claim
7. Were there any exciting _____ during your journey?
A. incidents
B. accidents
C. events
D. business
8. A month after 5-year-old Leanna Warner was reported missing, her family still ____ hope even as they try to live a “new” normal life.
A. holds out
B. holds up
C. holds to
D. holds back
9. This information is only _____ data and will need further analysis.
A. net
B. gross
C. raw
D. rough
10. Is the _____ of food and clothes to the hungry more helpful than giving money?
A. donation
B. devotion
C. dedication
D. compensation
11. He was already _____ the ship.
A. board
B. aboard
C. abroad
D. broad
12. After graduation, he suddenly became interested in the _____ of literature and art.
A. realm
B. range
C. area
D. zone
13. Stormy applause broke forth _____ he appeared on the stage.
A. for the moment
B. the moment
C. at the moment when
D. the moment when
14. A good salesman must be _____ if he wants to succeed.
A. militant
B. offensive
C. aggressive
D. certain
15. Physics is _____ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.
A. likely
B. uniform
C. alike
D. equivalent
16. So much _____ about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.
A. he worries
B. does he worry
C. did he worry
D. he worried
17. Many are socially active, are involved as volunteers, and are _____ new responsibilities.
A. taking on
B. taking over
C. taking in
D. taking after
18. I will now introduce the candidate in support of _____ I wish to speak.
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. whom
19. At 125th Street, Mr. Torres would _____ to the No. 2 train by crossing the platform.
A. infer
B. transform
C. transfer
D. refer
20. Not that I don’t want to go, _____ that I have no time.
A. although
B. despite
C. but
D. for
Part II. Error Correction (10 points, 1 point for each)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You are required to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (Λ) in the right place and write the missing word in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. If you change a word, cross it and put your word in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. Remember to write the correct number beside each blank on the answer sheet.
For most parents, having a newborn in the house can
disrupt sleep schedules. Generally, there aren’t any long-term
health effects.
It’s a evolutionary thing that’s built in to help us raise 21. _______
newborns, though there are really no studies for this. New 22. _______
parents can prepare by understanding, and accepting, which 23. _______
the first few months will most likely consist of disrupted
sleep. If you followed the guidelines below, the disrupted 24. _______
sleep will likely last for only a few months, which is rather
short-term in the scheme of things. During the first six months of life,
babies sleep soundly in two-to-four hour periods. Newborns are not
born with a cycle that makes him stay awake during the day 25. ________
and sleep at night. Rather, sleep is spaced regularly to piece 26. _______
throughout the 24-hour day. Bottle-fed newborns tend to sleep
for slightly shorter periods, generally three to four hours, 27. _______
whereas breast-fed babies tend to sleep in one-to-three hour
cycles. After 6 months of age, infants begin to sleep for longer
periods, they generally sleep through the night. From 6 28. ________
months to 9 months, however, many infants, even those who
were fantastic sleepers when they were younger, begin to
exhibit episodes of night wakings. These night wakings are
generally due to developmental phases. Instead sleeping, 29. ________
babies often find it more interesting to practice newly acquired
skills like crawling or sitting up. About 30 percent to 50 percent
of infants at this age awaken at most once per night for a 30. ________
short while, usually for about one to five minutes at a time,
with 25 percent of 1-year-olds continuing to do so.
Part III. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 point for each)
Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions. Choose the most appropriate answer for each question and circle the letter on the answer sheet. Remember to write the letter corresponding to the question number.
Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage:
Conservationists call them hot spots — habitats that cover just 1.4 percent of the earth’s land surface but are so rich in biological diversity that preserving them could keep an astonishing number of plant and animal species off the endangered list.
Since 1988, when Dr. Norman Myers and his colleagues began describing these hot spots in a series of scientific papers and arguing for their protection, they have become a focus of worldwide conservation efforts. Private organizations and government agencies, including the World Bank, have made preserving 25 such ecological arks a top priority for financing and protective legislation. But a growing chorus of scientists is warning that directing conservation funds to hot spots may be a recipe for major losses in the future. Of species that live on land, nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are found only in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare species and major animal groups that live in less biologically rich regions (“cold spots”). And the hot-spot concept does not factor in the importance of some ecosystems to human beings, the scientists argue.
This debate has been simmering（炖，煨，慢煮） quietly among biologists for years; however, it is coming to a boil now with the publication of an article in the current issue of American Scientist arguing that “calls to direct conservation funding to the world’s biodiversity hot spots may be bad investment advice.” “The hot-spot concept has grown so popular in recent years within the larger conservation community that it now risks eclipsing（超越）all other approaches,” write the authors of the paper. “The officers and directors of all too many foundations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies have been seduced by the simplicity of the hot spot idea,” they go on. “We worry that the initially appealing idea of getting the most species per unit area is, in fact, a thoroughly misleading strategy.”
But hot spots have their ardent（热情的）defenders, notably Dr. Norman Myers and Dr. Russell Mittermeier. Dr. Myers says hot spots have been successful at attracting attention and financing for conservation in tropical countries. “And that has been good,” he said. “No one is suggesting that one invest solely in hot spots, but if you want to avoid extinctions, you have to invest in them.”
31. The best title for this passage would be ________.
A. A Debate on Preserving Hot Spots
B. An Introduction to Hot Spots
C. Hot Spots vs. Cold Spots
D. How to Finance Hot Spots
32. Hot spots occupy a small percentage of the earth’s land surface with ________.
A. a third of all plants
B. many major animal groups living in cold spots
C. rich biological diversity
D. many rare species living in cold spots
33. Critics of hot spots hold the opinion that ________.
A. hot spots are always as important as cold spots
B. it is unwise to invest largely in hot spots
C. governments should choose the best time to invest in hot spots
D. the hot-spot approach is a misleading strategy from the very beginning
34. According to Dr. Norman Myers, _________.
A. protecting and investing in hot spots can save species from extinction
B. conservation efforts should not center on hot spots
C. governments should invest most in cold spots
D. the hot-spot approach now is not as good as it was in the past
35. What is the writer’s attitude towards the hot-spot approach?
A. Critical.
B. Neutral.
C. Supportive.
D. Doubtful.
Questions 36-40 are based on the following passage:
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control. “It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years. ” says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.
Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates---especially important at a time when marketing budges are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising, “many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV, ” says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-seconds spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe Deodorant(除臭剂)， which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, as advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $ 138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provide 9 million customers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a “lean back” medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.
36. What does Colin Dixon mean by saying “It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years” (Lines 4-5, Para.1)?
A. Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B. Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.
C. Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.
D. Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.
37. What is public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?
A. Pretty positive.
B. Totally indifferent.
C. Somewhat doubtful.
D. Rather critical.
38. What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?
A. It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.
B. It helps advertisers to measure the click---through rates.
C. It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.
D. It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
39. What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?
A. It proves the advantage of TV advertising.
B. It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C. it helps attract investments in the company.
D. It has boosted the TV advertising industry.
40. How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?
A. They may be due to the novel way of advertising.
B. They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.
C. They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.
D. They indicate the future direction of media reform.
Questions 41-45 are based on the following passage:
Maybe it’s a sign of a mature mind when some of life’s bigger questions---about love, faith, ambition---suddenly seem more manageable than smaller ones, such as: why did I just open the refrigerator? Where on earth did I put my keys? Where did I write down that phone number?
Our capacity for storing and recalling information does not stream down like sand through an hourglass, as neurologists once believed. On the contrary, new research suggests that, when stimulated in the right way, brains of almost any age can give birth to cells and forge fresh pathways to file away new information. This emerging picture has not only encouraged those who treat and care for the 5% of older adults who have dementia(痴呆症) such as Alzheimer’s disease, but also generated a wave of optimism among those studying memory changes in the other 95%, as well as an increasing public fascination with “memory enhancement” dietary supplements, books and brain-improving techniques.
The slight failures of memory that many of us attribute to a failing brain are often due to something entirely different: anxiety, sleep problems, depression, even heart disease. The biological nuts and bolts of learning and memory in fact change little over time in healthy people, researcher say. “There is very little cell loss, and structurally all the machinery is there, even very late in life, ” said a neuroscientist Greg Cole. It’s the cells’ speed and ability to send and receive signals that diminish gradually, which is what makes the mind go blank when trying to recall familiar words and names.
For more than a decade, researchers have known that people who have active, intellectually challenging lives are less likely to develop dementia than those who do not. Part of this difference is attributable to intelligence, some doctors believe, The more you start with, the longer it takes to lose it. And new evidence suggests that the act of using your brain is in itself protective, no matter who you are.
All of the activities, such as reading newspaper , watching TV, playing games, etc. , can improve people’s scores on standard tests measuring recall of numbers and names, experts say. They also acknowledge, however, that there is a big difference between playing chess with a friend and doing a mental exercise, such as memorizing numbers. One is an organic part of a person’s life, the other a purely intellectual exercise, done in isolation. The first is fun; the second, often, is a tiring task.
41. According to the text, adult persons usually_____
A. stress the settlement of bigger problems.
B. focus their attention on great issues.
C. overlook the remembrance of trivial things.
D. suffer memory decline related to age.
42. According to new research, it’s distinct that_____
A. our brain cells can be producible.
B. our memory may be renewable.
C. most mental illnesses are curable.
D. brain-mending methods are available.
43. The phrase “nuts and bolts” in Par.3 most probably means_____
A. basic structures.
B. complex tasks.
C. practical aspects.
D. working parts.
44. As asserted by researchers, our inability to memorize words or names mainly___
A. results from the declining efficiency of brain cells.
B. results in the brain’s liability to radical interference.
C. consists of different mental disorders.
D. consists in various emotional problems.
45. Experts suggest that the best way to avoid memory failures is____.
A. to take more dietary supplements
B. to keep mental function alive
C. to find an intellectual occupation
D. to do more intellectual exercise
Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage:
Every year at Thanksgiving, parts of the Upper West Side of Manhattan become like a paradise for children. There’s the exciting preparation of the balloons and floats for the Thanksgiving Day parade, and then, on Thursday morning, the parade itself.
The weather isn’t always kind. I’ve seen the kids out there in snow, in freezing rain, in winds that threaten to send the balloons and their handlers soaring to distant venues. It doesn’t seem to matter. The children come into the neighborhood in waves, holding the hands of adults or riding atop their shoulders, smiling, laughing, and playing hide-and-seek among the police barriers. Finally, inevitably, they end up staring in absolute open-mouthed, wide-eyed look as huge colorful creation of their favorite characters begin making their grand way down Central Park West.
We have an obligation and an opportunity at this special moment in history to do right by these youngsters, and all the rest of America’s kids. It’s a special moment because we’ve seen so clearly the many things that have gone wrong in the society, and it may not be easy to articulate.
The American economy is broken, ruined by the greed and irresponsibility of fabulously wealthy corporate headmen and their shabby helpers and enablers in government. While Wall Street is handing out billions in bonuses, American families are struggling with joblessness, home foreclosures and a huge sum of debt. The economic woes are having a negative impact on family life, and children are taking a big hit--- emotionally, psychologically and otherwise.
One effect of the Great Recession, according to a recent series in The New York Times, has been a big jump in the number of runaway children, many of them living in dangerous condition on the street.
Family homelessness is also up. And poverty is increasing. More than a third of all black children in America are poor, and that tragic percentage is expanding. The outlook for America’s working classes is bleak. A few weeks ago a New York cab driver broke down in tears as he told me he’d had to apply for food stamps to continue feeding his family.
A sense of urgency may be starting emerge. With president Obama’s jobs summit approaching, representatives from labor and progressive organizations gathered in Washington to warn of the lasting damage being imposed on the prospects of young Americans by the continuing employment crisis.
46. What does the author mean by “floats” (Line2, Para.1)?
A. Decorated vehicles in the parade.
B. Balloons floating in the sky.
C. Something blown away by the wind.
D. Artificial flowers in the parade.
47. We can infer from the second paragraph all of the following EXCEPT_____.
A. the wind is quite strong on the day of the parade
B. children are excited enough to resist the cold weather
C. the police are there ready to arrest anyone suspicious
D. children stay there to watch the parade until the end
48. According to the text, _____ suffer(s) most in the economic dilemma.
A. the Wall Street
B. the wealthy corporate’s headmen
C. the American families
D. the enablers in government
49. It can be inferred from the text that _____.
A. the prospect of American economy is prosperous
B. the poverty of the black children is expanding fastest
C. the New York cab driver are on strike
D. children’s escaping from home is on the rise
50. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the text?
A. The prospect of American economy.
B. The poverty of children in economic recession.
C. The celebration of the Thanksgiving Day.
D. The deep source of the broken American economy.
Part IV. Writing (30 points)
51. Directions: Write an essay of about 400 words in English on the following topic. Write your essay on your ANSWER SHEET.
How to Solve the Medical Problems in Big Cities?
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